Abstract
The Department of Civil Engineering offers Bachelor of Science, Masters, and Doctoral degrees. As a professional discipline, civil engineering is closely related to the total human environment. Undergraduate students are required to take classes in each of the following subject areas, and can emphasize one or more areas during their course of study: Environmental engineering Geotechnical/Materials engineering Structural engineering Transportation engineering Water resources engineering
Course offerings cover environmental quality, pollution control, chemical and microbiological wastewater treatment, soil mechanics, foundation engineering, structural analysis, reinforced concrete, steel design, plastic analysis, finite element analysis, water resources development, hydraulic engineering, hydrology, groundwater engineering, transportation engineering, airport design, traffic engineering, mass transit system, pavement design, construction management, engineering economy, river engineering, legal aspects of water resources, waste treatment, sewage treatment, industrial waste treatment, water quality, thin shell structural design, bridge design, surveying, and engineering geology.
Those of you who are new to the real estate development
business, need to understand what each Design professional
contributes to the development team and the specific services
they are capable of delivering for you.
Knowing what they do for you ... what you are paying for is
vital.
This is part of a series of articles I am writing for you to
explain what each profession does in some detail.
Hydraulic Engineers
Most we know what an Architect does, or what a Structural
Engineer does, but the hydraulic engineer is a bit of a puzzle.
When you hydraulic in the development business "think" pipes,
"think" water, "think" gas.
In other words "think" of any material that has to be provided
by pipes in a real estate development. Lock that into your brain
and we'll get to gripes with this service quickly.
If you are a resident of an apartment or a customer of a hotel,
when you turn on a hot faucet (tap) you rightfully expect to
feel hot water running into your sink soon.
Have you ever wondered how a person on the second floor or the
sixtieth floor gets hot water on demand ... or cold water for
that matter.
Similarily, you can ask the same question about the liquid waste
we humans produce in our residential accommodation.
You can add to that fire services and the sprinklers that keep
us safe or the gas service if you want to cook on gas on the
twentyfifth floor.
Do we want a swimming pool on the penthouse level or on the
ground floor or do we want to recycle your waste water and use
it to water the garden, then you'll need an hydraulic engineer.
So the hydraulic engineer is pretty important to our health and
lifestyle. If he did not exist, then high rise buildings would
not exist.
So with that overview, let's get into the detail.
On receiving the initial project brief, all aspects are
examined in detail. The client's brief is expanded, analysed and
reports are written.
These reports allow the client the opportunity to evaluate all
sections of the report, from a financial and technical point of
view, in the full knowledge of the implications of all
components of the hydraulic services.
Design co-ordination and control is maintained by regular
in-house meetings, with the resultant elimination of site
problems.
And the hydraulic engineer's role can be summarised as:
Design documentation - services are drawn to scale.
Obtain all the necessary Authority Approvals.
Prepare the specification, schedules, quantities and estimates.
Complete the 'As Constructed' set of drawings.
Carry out all construction supervision and report.
,i>And the approach to their clients' projects is:
* To be cost effective * To be efficient * To contain our latest
design innovations
Professional Services
Not all of the scope of professional services set out below can
be offered by all hydraulic engineering firms.
These services are offered by the firm I have used on almost all
of my developments. They are leaders in their field and design
for projects around the world.
Hydraulic Engineering
. Sewer drainage, gravitational, pumps. Vacuum systems. . Trade
waste drainage and treatment plants. . Stormwater drainage. .
Sub-soil drainage. . Rainwater downpipes & gutters. . Sanitary
plumbing. . Trade waste plumbing. . Cold water supply, storage
and pressurisation. . Hot water supply, boilers & calorifiers. .
Natural Gas service. · LP gas service. . Sanitary ware. · Taps,
outlets and controls. . Thermostatic mixing valve assemblies. .
Landscape watering & irrigation water supply. . Grey water
reuse. · Back flow prevention. . Water feature display
fountains. . Swimming pool systems. . Steam service. .
Compressed air service. . Bioremediation processes.
Civil Hydraulic Engineering
. Stormwater drainage detention systems. . Domestic water
treatment plants & reticulation. . Water harvesting. . Bore
pumping. . Soil management. . Nutrient management control. .
Organic sewerage treatment plants. . Sewerage treatment plants.
. Treated sewerage effluent spray irrigation.
Fire Engineering . Fire hydrant & fire hose reel systems.
. Fire sprinkler service. . External fire sprinkler service. .
Pre-action fire sprinkler systems for computer rooms. . Deluge
fire suppression systems. . Fire alarm services. . Smoke
detection services. . Emergency warning intercoms. . Vesda
systems for computer rooms. . Fire extinguishers.
Medical Gases
. Medical oxygen. . Nitrous oxide. . Medical breathing air. .
Surgical tools gas. . Suction.
Scope of Services
No fee advisory service. Design. Documentation. Specification.
Construction quality control. Hydraulic Feasibility Studies.
Estimating. Bills of Quantities. Due diligence. Professional
witness.
Depending on the country in which you develop, you might expect
your hydraulic engioneer to be a member of the following
professional bodies:
American Society of
Sanitary Engineers
American Society of Plumbing
Engineers
Hydraulic Services
Consultants of Australia
Australian Water
Association
Institute of Plumbing
Australia
Royal Society for the
Promotion of Health (London)
If your country's Institute of Hydraulic Engineers is not listed
just go to : Google
Search and type in the Search Box; "Institute of
Hydraulic Engineers"
About the author:
Author & $1.2 Billion Developer, Colm Dillon, Has Written The
Best Selling 'How-To' E-book, "Residential Development Made
Easy," With Readers In All States Of The USA, Canada, Australia,
New Zealand, UK, Ireland and 79 Other Countries. His Web Site
is: RealEstateDev
elopmentcoach.com
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*** ***** *****
While the oil and gas industry has worked to reduce the risk of flash fire incidents, these efforts have not eliminated the occurrence of flash fires, nor the resulting burn injuries and fatalities. The use of Flame Retardant Clothing (FRC ) greatly improves the chance of a worker surviving and regaining quality of life after a flash fire. FRC can significantly reduce both the extent and severity of burn injuries to the body.
A flash fire is a fire that spreads rapidly through a diffuse fuel, such as dust, gas, or the vapors of an ignitable liquid, without the production of damaging pressure. The intensity of a flash fire depends on the size of the gas or vapor cloud. Hydrocarbon (oil and gas) flash fires generate temperatures of 1,000 to 1,900 degrees Fahrenheit. See NFPA 2112, National Fire Protection Association Standard on Flame-Resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire, 2007 Edition. The duration of a flash fire can last up to five seconds. NFPA 2112 and NFPA 2113 (Standard on Selection, Care, Use, and Maintenance of Flame-Resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire, 2007 Edition) apply to general industry workplaces, including drilling, well servicing, and production-related operations. Inherent flash fire hazards are associated with oil and gas well drilling, servicing, and production-related operations. Additionally, the industry has a history of burn-related injuries and fatalities due to flash fire hazards when engineering and administrative controls have failed. Therefore, OSHA has concluded that employers are required to provide and ensure the use of FRC during certain operations as discussed below.
A flash fire requires oxygen, an ignition source, and a fuel source such as hydrocarbon or an atmosphere containing combustible, finely divided particles with a concentration greater than the lower explosive limit of the chemical. See NFPA 2113, Annex A. Ignition sources are present in drilling, well servicing, and production-related operations in several forms, including but not limited to: electrical systems, handheld electrical tools, motors, generators, hot work activities, and static electricity. Exposure to flash fires can result in devastating burns and death — 16% of fatalities in the oilfields result from fire and explosions. Curlee, Broulliard, Marshall, Knode, and Smith, Upstream Onshore Oil and Gas Fatalities: A Review of OSHA’s Database and Strategic Direction for Reducing Fatal Incidents, Society of Petroleum Engineers, March 9, 2005, at 2.
This article is Part 1 in a Series of 3. For more information on this topic, visit the OSHA website.
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